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Orzeł incident
The ''Orzeł'' incident〔(His Majesty's Submarines; p 19; ) ISBN 1-57638-021-1〕 occurred at the beginning of World War II. The Polish submarine ORP ''Orzeł'' escaped from Tallinn in then-neutral Estonia. The Soviet Union used the incident as a pretext to justify the eventual annexation of Estonia.
==The incident==
The ''Orzeł'' was in the Baltic Sea when Nazi Germany attacked Poland, setting off World War II. Unable to reach a Polish naval base and with the captain, Lieutenant-Commander Henryk Kłoczkowski, seriously ill, the decision was made to head for Tallinn, which was reached on 14 September 1939. Kłoczkowski was taken to a hospital the next day for treatment of the unidentified illness he had been suffering from since 8 September.
Section XIII, Article 8 of the Hague Convention of 1907 required that a neutral government had a duty "to prevent the departure from its jurisdiction of any vessel intended to cruise, or engage in hostile operations" against another government with which the neutral was not at war. At the insistence of the Germans, the Estonian military authorities boarded the ship, interned the crew, confiscated all the navigation aids and maps, and commenced dismantling all the armaments.
The crew of ORP ''Orzeł'' conspired to escape under the new command of its chief officer, Lt. Jan Grudziński VM VM DSO. On 18 September, the partially submerged ''Orzeł'' slipped out of the harbour under the cover of a foggy night, with the two on-board Estonian guards taken hostage. The Estonian and German press covering the incident declared the two captured guards had been murdered by the Polish sailors. However, they were deposited on the Swedish coast and provided with clothing and food for their safe return home. The two guards were also provided with 50 US dollars each, as the Polish crew believed that those returning from the underworld "deserve to travel first class only". ''Orzeł'' headed to the Royal Navy base at Rosyth in Scotland.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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